What is the Thyroid?
The Thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck, near the windpipe. Though it weighs less than an ounce, it is vital in regulating metabolism – how your cells utilize energy and produce heat. A malfunctioning thyroid can influence every cell in your body, affecting functions from breathing and heart rate to digestion and muscle movement.
How does the thyroid work?
The Thyroid uses iodine from your diet to produce two hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), that control metabolism. It produces around 80% T4 and 20% T3. A thyroid disorder can arise if there’s an imbalance in these hormone levels. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the brain monitor and ensure a balance in thyroid levels. A drop in thyroid levels prompts the hypothalamus to release thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which signals the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH stimulates the Thyroid to release more T3 and T4. Conversely, an excess of thyroid levels reduces TRH, thereby decreasing TSH and, subsequently, T3 and T4.
The Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders
Thyroid disorders are surprisingly common. The American Thyroid Association reports that over 12% of the U.S. population will experience a thyroid condition in their lifetime, equating to about 20 million Americans. Alarmingly, 60% of them might not even be aware of their condition.
Who is at Risk?
Females are 5-8 times more prone to thyroid diseases than males. Though the exact reasons for this disparity remain uncertain, some believe that changes in the immune system during pregnancy play a role. Older individuals, especially those over 60 and those with a family history of Thyroid or autoimmune diseases, are also at an elevated risk.
When Should I Check My Thyroid Levels?
Thyroid levels are generally checked during routine blood tests, especially if you show symptoms or have a family history of related diseases. Diagnosis is straightforward: doctors will evaluate your symptoms and health history and conduct a physical exam. If deemed necessary, they will then order specific blood tests.
How can I maintain my Thyroid health?
While a balanced lifestyle benefits overall well-being, its direct influence on the Thyroid is limited. However, iodine intake significantly affects the Thyroid. Since the Thyroid uses iodine to produce its hormones, a consistent iodine intake is essential. Though once a widespread problem, iodine deficiency has become rare in the Western world due to iodized salt and fortified flours.
Do Thyroid disorders cause weight gain?
Both yes and no. An overactive thyroid might lead to weight loss, while an underactive one could result in weight gain. However, if you’ve experienced significant weight changes, it’s likely not just due to your Thyroid.
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